Earthing is an integral part of any electrical system. Properly selected earthing equipment will accomplish many desirable objectives, such as: 

• Improving the system operating characteristics. 
• Providing a source of earth fault current relaying.
• Reducing personnel hazards. 

Equipment earthing should be differentiated from system earthing since the functions of the two are often confused. A "system earth" is a connection to ground from one of the current carrying conductors of a distribution or wiring system. The return conductor for a line-to-neutral load on either single or multi-phase systems is an example of such a current carrying conductor. This system ground may be made at such locations as transformer or generator neutral points by either a solid connection or through a current limiting device. The primary purpose of the system earthing is related to operational characteristics and is an important, if not an essential part of the power system. This 5 days course will discuss the different types of earthing systems in depth.

DAY 1

• What is System Earthing.
• Why Use System Earthing.
• Basics of grounding/earthing & Bonding.
• Objectives of equipotential bonding.
• Different types of functional & Protective earthing.
• Electricity shock & hazards & Equipment earthing
• Static charges and the need for bonding.

DAY 2

• Different Types of System or Neutral Earthing.
• Systems with an isolated neutral-point.
• Reactance earthed systems.
• Resistance earthed systems.
• Earthed system:
• Effectively earthed system.
• Not effectively earthed system.
• Zigzag earthing transformer.
• Sizing of Earthing resistors & Zigzag transformers.
• To Choose System’s Earthing Point.
• Practice of Earthing.
• Comparison of Different system Earthing Principles
• Earthing & Earth fault protection.
• Different earhing of distribution system arrangements (TT, TN-C, TN-S & IT) as per BS 7671 & IEC 60364.

DAY 3

• Static electricity and protection.
• Lightning & surge arresters.
• Transient overvoltages.
• PQ problems & triplen harmonics (Zero phase sequence).
• Ground electrode system.

DAY 4

• Substation earthing grid.
• Touch & Step voltages.
• Grounding regulations from various national codes.
• BS 7430 & IEEE 80 Standards.
• Maintenance & testing (3 pin method, 61.8% and slope method).
• Finite Element Method (FEM).

DAY 5

• Methods of designing Grounding systems.
• Ground faults.
• Design cases (Grounding module) & Reporting.

Electrical Engineers, Consulting Engineers, Project Engineers, Maintenance Engineers, Power System Protection and Control Engineers, Building Service Designers, Electrical and Instrumentation Technicians.